Program 8.1: The Math Library

Program 8.1 is an example program that exercises most of the routines in java.lang.Math. Almost all of these methods are straightforward. If you have any doubts about how they work, run the program and look at the output. If your high school math is a little rusty, don't worry if you don't remember the exact meaning of logarithms or cosines. Just know that they're here in Java if you need them.

class MathLibraryExample {

  public static void main(String args[]) {
    
    int i = 7;
    int j = -9;
    double x = 72.3;
    double y = 0.34;
  
    System.out.println("i is " + i);     
    System.out.println("j is " + j);
    System.out.println("x is " + x);     
    System.out.println("y is " + y);
     
    // The absolute value of a number is equal to 
    // the number if the number is positive or 
    // zero and equal to the negative of the number 
    // if the number is negative.
 
    System.out.println("|" + i + "| is " + 
      Math.abs(i));     
    System.out.println("|" + j + "| is " + 
      Math.abs(j));
    System.out.println("|" + x + "| is " + 
      Math.abs(x));     
    System.out.println("|" + y + "| is " + 
      Math.abs(y));

    // Truncating and Rounding functions
 
    // You can round off a floating point number  
    // to the nearest integer with round()
     System.out.println(x + " is approximately " +
       Math.round(x));     
     System.out.println(y + " is approximately " + 
       Math.round(y));     

    // The "ceiling" of a number is the   
    // smallest integer greater than or equal to
    // the number. Every integer is its own 
    // ceiling.
     System.out.println("The ceiling of " + i + 
       " is " + Math.ceil(i));     
     System.out.println("The ceiling of " + j +  
       " is " + Math.ceil(j));
     System.out.println("The ceiling of " + x + 
       " is " + Math.ceil(x));     
     System.out.println("The ceiling of " + y + 
        " is " + Math.ceil(y));

     // The "floor" of a number is the largest  
     // integer less than or equal to the number.
     // Every integer is its own floor.
     System.out.println("The floor of " + i + 
       " is " + Math.floor(i));     
     System.out.println("The floor of " + j + 
       " is " + Math.floor(j));
     System.out.println("The floor of " + x + 
       " is " + Math.floor(x));     
     System.out.println("The floor of " + y + 
       " is " + Math.floor(y));

     // Comparison operators

     // min() returns the smaller of the two 
     // arguments you pass it
     System.out.println("min(" + i + "," + j + 
       ") is " + Math.min(i,j));     
     System.out.println("min(" + x + "," + y + 
       ") is " + Math.min(x,y));     
     System.out.println("min(" + i + "," + x + 
       ") is " + Math.min(i,x));     
     System.out.println("min(" + y + "," + j + 
       ") is " + Math.min(y,j));     

     // There's a corresponding max() method 
     // that returns the larger of two numbers 
     System.out.println("max(" + i + "," + j + 
       ") is " + Math.max(i,j));     
     System.out.println("max(" + x + "," + y + 
       ") is " + Math.max(x,y));     
     System.out.println("max(" + i + "," + x + 
       ") is " + Math.max(i,x));     
     System.out.println("max(" + y + "," + j + 
       ") is " + Math.max(y,j));     
      
     // The Math library defines a couple 
     // of useful constants:
     System.out.println("Pi is " + Math.PI);     
     System.out.println("e is " + Math.E);     
       
     // Trigonometric methods
    // All arguments are given in radians
 
    // Convert a 45 degree angle to radians
    double angle = 45.0 * 2.0 * Math.PI/360.0;
    System.out.println("cos(" + angle + 
      ") is " + Math.cos(angle));     
    System.out.println("sin(" + angle + 
      ") is " + Math.sin(angle));     
    
     // Inverse Trigonometric methods
     // All values are returned as radians
   
    double value = 0.707;

    System.out.println("acos(" + value + 
      ") is " + Math.acos(value));     
    System.out.println("asin(" + value + 
      ") is " + Math.asin(value));     
    System.out.println("atan(" + value + 
      ") is " + Math.atan(value));     

    // Exponential and Logarithmic Methods
  
    // exp(a) returns e (2.71828...) raised 
    // to the power of a. 
       
    System.out.println("exp(1.0) is " + 
      Math.exp(1.0));
    System.out.println("exp(10.0) is " + 
      Math.exp(10.0));
    System.out.println("exp(0.0) is " + 
      Math.exp(0.0));

    // log(a) returns  the natural 
    // logarithm (base e) of a. 
    System.out.println("log(1.0) is " + 
      Math.log(1.0));
    System.out.println("log(10.0) is " + 
       Math.log(10.0));
    System.out.println("log(Math.E) is " + 
      Math.log(Math.E));

    // pow(x, y) returns the x raised 
    // to the yth power.
    System.out.println("pow(2.0, 2.0) is " + 
      Math.pow(2.0,2.0));
    System.out.println("pow(10.0, 3.5) is " + 
      Math.pow(10.0,3.5));
    System.out.println("pow(8, -1) is " + 
      Math.pow(8,-1));

    // sqrt(x) returns the square root of x.
    for (i=0; i < 10; i++) {
      System.out.println("The square root of " + 
        i + " is " + Math.sqrt(i));
    }

       
    // Finally there's one Random method 
    // that returns a pseudo-random number 
    // between 0.0 and 1.0;
    
    System.out.println(
      "Here's one random number: " + Math.random());     
    System.out.println(
      "Here's another random number: " + 
      Math.random());

  }

}
Here's the output.

i is 7
j is -9
x is 72.3
y is 0.34
|7| is 7
|-9| is 9
|72.3| is 72.3
|0.34| is 0.34
72.3 is approximately 72
0.34 is approximately 0
The ceiling of 7 is 7
The ceiling of -9 is -9
The ceiling of 72.3 is 73
The ceiling of 0.34 is 1
The floor of 7 is 7
The floor of -9 is -9
The floor of 72.3 is 72
The floor of 0.34 is 0
min(7,-9) is -9
min(72.3,0.34) is 0.34
min(7,72.3) is 7
min(0.34,-9) is -9
max(7,-9) is 7
max(72.3,0.34) is 72.3
max(7,72.3) is 72.3
max(0.34,-9) is 0.34
Pi is 3.14159
e is 2.71828
cos(0.785398) is 0.707107
sin(0.785398) is 0.707107
acos(0.707) is 0.785549
asin(0.707) is 0.785247
atan(0.707) is 0.615409
exp(1.0) is 2.71828
exp(10.0) is 22026.5
exp(0.0) is 1
log(1.0) is 0
log(10.0) is 2.30259
log(Math.E) is 1
pow(2.0, 2.0) is 4
pow(10.0, 3.5) is 3162.28
pow(8, -1) is 0.125
The square root of 0 is 0
The square root of 1 is 1
The square root of 2 is 1.41421
The square root of 3 is 1.73205
The square root of 4 is 2
The square root of 5 is 2.23607
The square root of 6 is 2.44949
The square root of 7 is 2.64575
The square root of 8 is 2.82843
The square root of 9 is 3
Here's one random number: 0.820582
Here's another random number: 0.866157

Copyright 1996 Elliotte Rusty Harold
elharo@sunsite.unc.edu
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