Java Network Programming, 2nd Edition Index

[ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ], [ G ], [ H ], [ I ], [ J ], [ K ], [ L ], [ M ], [ N ], [ O ], [ P ], [ Q ], [ R ], [ S ], [ T ], [ U ], [ V ], [ W ], [ X ], [ Y ], [ Z ]

A

Abstract Windowing Toolkit (see AWT), 133
accept() (ServerSocket), 355-360
Activatable class, 602, 629
ActivationGroup class, 629
addAttribute() (MutableAttributeSet), 262
addBodyPart() (Multipart), 694
addFrom() (Message), 668
addHandshakeCompletedListener(), 401
addHeader() (Part), 684
addHeaderLine() (MimeMessage), 695
addImage() (MediaTracker), 283
addRecipients() (Message), 669
Address class, 658
agents, 14
AIFF format, downloading sounds in, 272
allowUserInteraction field (URLConnection), 488
American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), 21
appendMessages() (Folder), 700
Applet class, 267
AppletContext interface, 267
image formats and, 270
network methods of, 297-300
applets, 71
animator, example program, 291-293
client for remote object, example program, 610
content handlers and, 562, 580
context of, accessing, 297
for displaying URLs, example program, 268
email, sending from, 644-648
multicast sockets and, 462
networks and, 267-300
security and, 72
stubs and, 621
AppletStub interface, 267
application layer, 28
ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers), 21
ASN keyword, 339
asymmetric encryption, 390
AttributeSet interface, 260
.au format, downloading sounds in, 272
audio clips, downloading, 276
audio (see sounds)
AudioClip interface, 273
authentication, 228-235
dialog, example programs, 231-235
email passwords, 654-658
(see also passwords)
Authenticator class, 228, 654
email, receiving, 650
available()
InputStream class, 83
PushbackInputStream class, 92
AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit), 133

B

bind()
Naming class, 620
Registry interface, 626
BITPIX keyword, 582
blocks, synchronized, 139-141
breaksFlow() (Tag), 253
broadcasting, 451
BufferedReader class, 106
BufferedWriter class, 106
buffering
client sockets and, 328
data, 78
readers/writers, 106-109
streams, 79, 87-89

C

callbacks, 128-135
case sensitivity, HTML in Swing, 237
CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 68-70, 499, 594
communicating with, 221, 223-228, 499-503
character sets, 101
multibyte, 110
characters in URLs, converting, 219-223
chargen protocol, writing handler for, 550-555
Charlotte project, 9
chat rooms, 11
checkAll() (MediaTracker), 285
checkID() (MediaTracker), 284
checkImage() (ImageObserver), 277
cipher suites
authentication, not requiring, 408
JSSE supported, 398
SSLServerSocket class, 408
SSLSocket class, 397-400
CipherInputStream class, 99
CipherOutputStream class, 99
classes, 71
applets and, 267-300
authentication and, 228-235, 397-403
callbacks and, 133
compression/decompression, 96
content handlers and, 565-578
datagrams and, 413-434
deadlock and, 144
email and, 635-710
encryption and, 397-403
HTML, parsing, 248-266
immutability and, 143
input, 80-84
of IP addresses, 32-34
IP addresses and, 167-180
loading at runtime, 609-617
multicast, 461-466
network, 24
polymorphism and, 76
protocol handlers and, 534-540
readers/writers, 101-116
reading/writing data types, 93-96
retrieving data with URLs, 193-223
RMI and, 617-633
sockets
client, 304-329, 393-397
server, 351-364, 403-410
streams, encrypting, 99
synchronization and, 139
URLs and, 472-528
clients, 2
applet for remote object, example programs, 610
application for remote object, example programs, 613-615
downloading objects from servers, 609
email, example programs, 664, 705-708
multicasting and, 457
POP, example program, 657
POP3, example program, 652
RMI, implementing, 605-607, 609
sockets for, 301-330
testing with server, example program, 365-368
client/server model, 37-39
clone() (UnicastRemoteObject), 632
close()
DatagramSocket class, 430
Folder class, 651, 698
MulticastSocket class, 461
OutputStream class, 80
ServerSocket class, 360
Socket class, 322
code base, applet displaying, 268
Common Gateway Interface (see CGI)
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), 598
compressing streams, 96
com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPStore package, 635
com.sun.net.ssl package, 391
connect()
Store class, 650
URLConnection class, 474
connected field (URLConnection), 488
connection trees, 452
constants
ImageObserver interface, 280
MediaTracker class, 296
constructing HTML interfaces, 242
constructors
ContentHandler class, 565
DatagramPacket class, 414-417
DatagramSocket class, 423-426
InternetAddress class, 659
JEditorPane class, 239
MediaTracker class, 283
Message class, 666
MulticastSocket class, 462
NewsAddress class, 661
RemoteServer class, 629
ServerSocket class, 352-355
Socket class, 304-329
UnicastRemoteObject class, 631
URLConnection class, 474
URLName class, 663
URLStreamHandler class, 534
containsAttributes() (AttributeSet), 260
content handlers, 560-565
example programs, 567, 570, 580, 584-588, 591-593
time protocol, 573-577
for image files, 581-593
MIME types and, 562
return types, choosing, 572-578
for tab-separated-values content type, 566-568
URLConnection class, 503-505
using in programs, 568-571
ContentHandler class, 561, 565
methods, 563
ContentHandlerFactory interface, 563
method, 578-579
ContentHandlerFactory() (URLConnection), 505
converting URLs, relative to absolute, 262-265
COORDS keyword, 583
copyAttributes() (AttributeSet), 261
copyMessages() (Folder), 700
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), 598
create() (Folder), 699
createContentHandler() (ContentHandlerFactory), 563, 578-579
createRegistry() (LocateRegistry), 628
createServerSocket() (SSLServerSocket), 403
createSocket() (SSLFactorySocket), 393
createURLStreamHandler()
URLConnection class, 531
URLStreamHandlerFactory interface, 556
creating
sockets
secure client, 393-397
secure server, 403-408
URLs, 194-203

D

data
buffering, 78
displaying, 2-8
multicast, 457
reading from servers, 475
receiving, example program, 419
retrieving, 2-8
from URLs, 209-214
with URLs, 193-235
sending, 8-10
with POST, 498
writing to servers, 497-503
data streams, 93-96
data types, 76
reading/writing, 93
databases
content handlers and, 566
interface to, example program, 618
DatagramPacket class, 412
constructors, 414-417
methods, 418-422
datagrams, 26, 301
receiving, 426-431
constructors for, 415
(see also UDP)
sending, 426-431
constructors for, 416
TTL value, 454, 458
unused at socket close, 327
DatagramSocket class, 412, 423
constructors, 423-426
methods, 426-434
DatagramSocket() (DatagramSocket), 423
DataInputStream class, 93, 94
DataOutputStream class, 93
daytime program, example server program, 444
daytime protocol
example program, 314
server running, example program, 357
writing handler for, 547-550
deadlock, 144
defaultAllowUserInteraction field (URLConnection), 490
defaultUseCaches field (URLConnection), 495
DeflaterOutputStream class, 96
DELETE (HttpURLConnection), 513
delete() (Folder), 700
dialog box, authentication, 231-235
DigestInputStream class, 98
DigestOutputStream class, 98
digital signatures, returning, 528
disconnect() (DatagramSocket), 432
displaying
code base, applet for, 268
data, 2-8
document base, applet for, 268
Fibonacci numbers, example program, 242
images, example program, 270
URLs, example program, 268
web pages, example program, 239
DNS (Domain Name System), 165-166
RFC about, 44
document base, applet displaying, 268
documents
collaborating on, 19
modified, checking, 492
doInput field (URLConnection), 491
Domain keyword, 339
Domain Name System (see DNS)
doOutput field (URLConnection), 491
downloading
audio clips, 276
images
applet for, 269-271
error checking, 294
monitoring process of
ImageObserver interface, 276-281
MediaTracker class, 281-297
sounds, 272-276
via relative URLs, example program, 275
URL objects, example program, 213
web pages, example programs, 210, 475

E

echo protocol
client
example program, 320
implementing with UDP, 445-449
server, example program, 443
e-commerce, 16-17
email, 634-637
addresses, 658-662
attachments, 690-695
creating, 666
event handling, 709-710
flags, 673-677
folders, 677, 697-709
format of, RFC about, 43
headers, 667-673
parts of, 679-690
password authentication, 654-658
receiving, 648-654
sending, 637-640
from applets, 644-648
from applications, 641-644
URLs and, 662-665
encode() (URLEncoder), 219-223
encryption, 389
asymmetric, 390
streams, 99-101
END keyword, 583
equals()
Address class, 658
InetAddress class, 179
InternetAddress class, 660
NewsAddress class, 662
Object class, 216
RemoteObject class, 628
URLName class, 664
URLStreamHandler class, 539
event handlers, secure sockets and, 400
exceptions
datagrams and, 424, 431
input/output and, 78
IP addresses and, 168
network connections and, 91
race conditions and, 127
remote, 624-626
RMI and, 616, 632
sockets and, 305, 309, 329, 352, 354, 400
thread scheduling and, 150
exists() (Folder), 698
Expand keyword, 339
exportObject() (UnicastRemoteObject), 602, 632
expunge() (Folder), 700
Extensible Markup Language (XML), 57

F

fetch() (Folder), 703
Fibonacci numbers, example programs, 242, 601, 603, 605
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), RFC about, 44
FileNameMap() (URLConnection), 487
files
binary, downloading, 478
deleting, from URLs, 513
gzipping, example programs, 160-163
image, content handler for, 581-593
modified, checking, 492
pointed to by URLs, 539
putting on web servers, 514
sending from HTTP server, example program, 370-373
storing, 8
URL objects pointing to, testing, 215
filter streams, 84-87
finalize() (Folder), 710
finger, 330
client, example program, 332
writing protocol handler for, 542-546
firewalls, 34
FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) files
content handler for, 581-593
keywords in, 581
flush()
OutputStream class, 79
ParserCallback class, 251
Folder class, 697-704, 710
FolderListener interface, 710
forms
compared to Java network programming, 3, 5, 8, 16, 238
posting, 502
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), RFC about, 44
Full keyword, 339
full-duplex connections, 302

G

games, 11
Gateway keyword, 339
GET (URL), CGI and, 70, 221, 223-228, 492, 497
getAddress()
DatagramPacket class, 418
InetAddress class, 174, 177
InternetAddress class, 660
getAllByName() (InetAddress), 171
getAllHeaderLines() (MimeMessage), 696
getAllHeaders() (Part), 684
getAllowUserInteraction() (URLConnection), 486, 488
getAllRecipients() (Message), 669
getAppletContext() (AppletContext), 297
getAttributeCount() (AttributeSet), 260
getAttributeNames ) (AttributeSet), 261
getAudioClip() (Applet), 273-275
getAuthority() (URL), 206
getBodyPart() (Multipart), 691
getByName() (InetAddress), 168
getCertificates() (JarURLConnection), 528
getClientHost() (RemoteServer), 630
getCodeBase()
Applet class, 268
getAudioClip() and, 274
getImage() and, 271
play() and, 273
URL class, 202
getContent()
ContentHandler class, 563, 565, 572
Part interface, 688
URL class, 212, 214, 569
URLConnection class, 503, 530, 569
getContentEncoding() (URLConnection), 480
getContentID() (MimeMessage), 696
getContentLanguage() (MimeMessage), 696
getContentLength() (URLConnection), 477
getContentType()
Multipart class, 691
Part interface, 688
URLConnection class, 477
getCount() (Multipart), 691
getData() (DatagramPacket), 418
getDataHandler() (Part), 688
getDate() (URLConnection), 480
getDefault()
SSLFactorySocket class, 393
SSLServerSocketFactory class, 403
getDefaultAllowUserInteraction() (URLConnection), 487
getDefaultPort() (URLStreamHandler), 538
getDefaultUseCaches() (URLConnection), 487
getDescription() (Part), 679
getDisposition() (Part), 679
getDocumentBase()
Applet class, 268
getAudioClip() and, 274
getImage() and, 271
play() and, 273
URL class, 202
getDoOutput() (URLConnection), 486
getEnabledCipherSuites() (SSLSocket), 397
getEnableSessionCreation() (SSLSocket), 402
getEncoding() (MimeMessage), 696
getEntryName() (JarURLConnection), 527
getErrorsAny() (MediaTracker), 295
getErrorsID() (MediaTracker), 295
getExpiration() (URLConnection), 480
getFile()
URL class, 205
URLName class, 663
getFileName() (Part), 679
getFileNameMap() (URLConnection), 487
getFlags() (Message), 673
getFolder()
Folder class, 698
Message class, 677
Store class, 651
getFrom() (Message), 668
getFullName() (Folder), 699
getHeader() (MimeMessage), 696
getHeaderField() (URLConnection), 483
getHeaderFieldDate() (URLConnection), 485
getHeaderFieldInt() (URLConnection), 485
getHeaderFieldKey() (URLConnection), 483
getHeight() (ImageObserver), 277
getHost()
NewsAddress class, 662
URL class, 204
URLName class, 663
getHostAddress()
InetAddress class, 176
URLStreamHandler class, 539
getHostName() (InetAddress), 175
getIfModifiedSince() (URLConnection), 486
getImage()
Applet class, 269-271
MediaTracker class, 286
getInetAddress()
DatagramSocket class, 432
InetAddress class, 174
ServerSocket class, 361
Socket objects, 311
getInputStream()
Part interface, 688
Socket class, 314
URLConnection class, 530
getInstance()
Cipher object, 99
Session class, 638
getInterface() (MulticastSocket), 466
getJarEntry() (JarURLConnection), 527
getJarFile() (JarURLConnection), 527
getJarFileURL() (JarURLConnection), 527
getLastModified() (URLConnection), 481
getLineCount() (Part), 679
getLocalAddress()
InetAddress class, 174
InternetAddress class, 661
Socket class, 312
getLocalHost() (InetAddress), 172
getLocalPort()
DatagramSocket class, 431
ServerSocket class, 361
Socket class, 312
getMatchingHeaderLines() (MimeMessage), 696
getMessage() (Folder), 667, 703
getMessageCount() (Folder), 702
getMessageNumber()
Folder class, 701
Message class, 678
getMode() (Folder), 699
getName() (Folder), 699
getNewMessageCount() (Folder), 702
getNewsgroup() (NewsAddress), 662
getOutputStream()
Socket class, 318-321
URLConnection class, 530
SSLSocket class, 393
getParent() (Folder), 699
getParser() (Parser), 250
getPassword() (URLName), 663
getPasswordAuthentication() (Authenticator), 654
getPath() (URL), 205
getPermanentFlags() (Folder), 709
getPersonal() (InternetAddress), 660
getPort()
DatagramPacket class, 418
DatagramSocket class, 432
Socket class, 311
URL class, 204
URLName class, 663
getProperty() (ImageObserver), 277
getProtocol()
URL class, 204
URLName class, 663
getQuery() (URL), 206
getReceiveBufferSize()
DatagramSocket class, 434
Socket class, 328
getReceivedDate() (Message), 670
getRecipients() (Message), 669
getRef()
RemoteObject class, 629
URL class, 205
URLName class, 663
getRegistry() (LocateRegistry), 627
getReplyTo() (Message), 668
getResolveParent() (AttributeSet), 261
getSecurityContext() (RMISecurityManager), 622
getSendBufferSize()
DatagramSocket class, 434
Socket class, 328
getSentDate() (Message), 670
getSeparator() (Folder), 699
getSession() (SSLSocket), 402
getSize() (Part), 679
getSoLinger() (Socket), 327
getSoTimeout()
DatagramSocket class, 433
ServerSocket class, 363
getStore()
Folder class, 699
Session class, 650
getSubject() (Message), 670
getSupportedCipherSuites() (SSLSocket), 397
getSystemResource() (URL), 203
getTimeToLive() (MulticastSocket), 466
getTTL() (MulticastSocket), 466
getType()
Address class, 658
Folder class, 699
InternetAddress class, 660
NewsAddress class, 662
getUnreadMessageCount() (Folder), 702
getURL() (URLConnection), 486
getURLName() (Folder), 699
getUseCaches() (URLConnection), 486
getUseClientMode() (SSLSocket), 403
getUserInfo() (URL), 206
getUsername() (URLName), 663
getWidth() (ImageObserver), 277
GIF format, downloading images in, 270
Group keyword, 339
guessContentTypeFromName() (URLConnection), 506
guessContentTypeFromStream() (URLConnection), 508
GZIPInputStream class, 96
GZIPOutputStream class, 96
gzipping files, example programs, 160-163

H

Handle keyword, 339
handshakeCompleted(), 400
HandshakeCompletedEvent class, 400
HandshakeCompletedListener interface, 400
hashCode()
InetAddress class, 180
InternetAddress class, 660
NewsAddress class, 662
Object class, 217
RemoteObject class, 629
URLName class, 664
URLStreamHandler class, 540
hasNewMessages() (Folder), 702
HEAD (HttpURLConnection), 511
headers
datagrams, 301
email, 667-673, 683
example program for reading, 670
IP, TTL field, 458
MIME, 476, 511
commands supported, listing, 513
configuring client request, 495-497
fields in, 477-485
inspecting, 472
tracing, 515
Host keyword, 339
hostnames, IP addresses and
comparing, 170
example conversion program, 181-184
hosts, 21, 165
hostsEqual() (URLStreamHandler), 539
host-to-network layer, 24
HotJava
content handlers and, 561
protocols supported by, 194
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 49, 56
attributes, 262
class, 253-259
Fibonacci numbers, displaying in, 242
in JLabel, 237
parsing, 253
in Swing
attributes, listing, 260-266
case sensitivity, 237
components, 236-238
hyperlinks, handling, 243-246
interfaces, constructing, 242
parsing HTML, 247-266
reading HTML, 246
rendering HTML, 238-247
tags
attributes, determining, 260-266
example programs for stripping, 251, 254, 256-259
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 49, 58-62
authentication, 228
response codes, 60-62
table of, 518-522
response codes, example program, 522
RFC about, 45
servers (see HTTP servers)
HTTP servers, 369
files, sending, 370-373
full-fledged, 380
example programs, 380-387
MIME headers, 476
fields in, 477-485
sent by, inspecting, 472
redirecting requests, example program, 374-378
responses from, handling, 516-525
HttpURLConnection subclass, 509
request method, 510-515
servers
disconnecting from, 515
handling responses from, 516-525
HyperlinkEvent object, 244
HyperLinkListener interface, 244
hyperlinks, handling with Swing, 243-246
hyperlinkUpdate() (HyperlinkListener), 244
Hypertext Markup Language (see HTML)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (see HTTP)

I

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), 21, 32
multicast addresses and, 455
RFC about, 42
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), 32
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 39
RFCs, 39-46
ifModifiedSince field (URLConnection), 492
Image keyword, 583
ImageObserver interface, 276-279
ImageProducer interface, 581
images
adding tags to, example program, 287-290
displaying via URLs, example program, 270
downloading
applet for, 269-271
error checking, 294
monitoring progress of, 278, 281
imageUpdate() (ImageObserver), 277
implAccept() (ServerSocket), 364
InetAddress class, 167
creating objects, 168, 172
security issues, 172-174
InflaterInputStream class, 96
input streams, 80-84
input/output (see I/O)
InputStream class, 80-84
InputStream() (SSLSocket), 393
InputStreamReader subclass, 102, 105
interactive TV, 18
internationalization, 110
Internet, 32-36
layer, 25-27
protocols, RFC about, 42
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (see IANA)
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 32
Internet Engineering Task Force (see IETF)
Internet Explorer, protocols supported by, 194
Internet Protocol (see IP)
InternetAddress class, 659-661
I/O (input/output), 75-116
readers/writers, 101-116
streams
filter, 84-101
input, 80-84
output, 76-80
IP addresses, 27, 30, 165-167
classes of, 32-34
client sockets connected to, 311
finding, example programs, 172, 176
hostnames and
comparing, 170
example conversion program, 181-184
finding, example program, 175
InetAddress class and, 167
printing, example program, 178
used by server, 361
IP (Internet Protocol), 28-31
header, TTL field, 458
RFC about, 42
isBlock() (Tag), 253
isDefined() (AttributeSet), 260
isEqual() (AttributeSet), 261
isErrorAny() (MediaTracker), 294
isErrorID() (MediaTracker), 295
isExpunged()
Folder class, 701
Message class, 678
isMimeType() (Part), 688
isOpen() (Folder), 698
isPreformatted() (Tag), 253
isSet() (Message), 674

J

JAF (JavaBeans Activation Framework), 636
JAR archives, 525-528
JarURLConnection class, 525-528
Java Collections API, thread pooling and, 160
Java Content-Type Mappings, tables of, 506-508
Java Cryptography Extension (JCE), 99
Java Development Kit (JDK), protocols supported by, 194
Java programming language, versions of, xvii
Java Secure Sockets Extension (seeJSSE)
Java virtual machine (see JVM)
JavaBeans, 133
JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF), 636
java.io package, reader/writer classes in, 102
JavaMail API, 634-637
email
addresses, 658-662
attachments, 690-695
creating, 666
event handling, 709-710
flags, 673-677
folders, 677, 697-709
headers, 667-673
MIME, 695-697
parts of, 678-690
receiving, 648-654
sending, 637-648
Message class, 666-678
password authentication, 654-658
URLName class, 662-665
Usenet, accessing, 661-662
java.net package, 473
java.net.URL package, 194
java.rmi package, 600, 617-624
remote exceptions, 624-626
java.rmi.registry package, 600, 626-628
java.rmi.server package, 600, 628-632
exceptions, table of, 632
java.util.jar package, 528
java.util.security package, 98
java.util.Vector package, thread pooling and, 160
java.util.zip package, 96
javax.mail package, 635
javax.mail.Folder package, 635
javax.mail.InternetAddress package, 635
javax.mail.Message packages, 635
javax.mail.MimeMessage package, 635
javax.net package, 391
javax.net.ssl package, 391
javax.security.cert packages, 391
javax.swing.text.html package, 236
javax.swing.text.html.parser package, 236
JCE (Java Cryptography Extension), 99
JDK (Java Development Kit), protocols supported by, 194
JEditorPane class
displaying web pages with, 239
HTML and, 238-247
Jini, 18
JLabel (Swing), including HTML in, 237
join() (Thread), 151
joinGroup() (MulticastSocket), 461, 463
JPasswordField component (Swing), 231
JPEG format, downloading images in, 270
JSSE (Java Secure Sockets Extension), 389
packages, 391
JVM (Java virtual machine)
protocols supported by, 194, 198
RMI and, 594
stubs and, 621

K

keytool program, 404, 407
keywords
BITPIX, 582
COORDS, 583
END, 583
in FITS files, 581
Image, 583
NAXIS, 582
OBSTIME, 583
SIMPLE, 582
synchronized, 139
TELESC, 583
this, 141
for whois protocol, 339

L

leaveGroup() (MulticastSocket), 461, 464
LineNumberReader class, 109
list()
Folder class, 701
Naming class, 618
Registry interface, 626
listSubscribed() (Folder), 701
LocateRegistry class, 627
log files on web servers, example program for processing, 184-192
lookup()
Naming class, 605, 620
Registry interface, 626
LookupThread class, example program, 190

M

Macintosh Runtime for Java, protocols supported by, 194
mail (see email; Java Mail API)
Mailbox keyword, 339
MailEvent class, 709
man-in-the-middle attacks, 390
mark()
InputStream class, 84
Reader class, 105
markSupported() (InputStream), 84
match() (Message), 678
MBONE (Multicast Backbone on the Internet), 457
MediaTracker class, 281-297
constants, 296
constructor, 283
Message class, 666-678
message digests, 98
MessageDigest class, 98
MIDI Type 0/1 formats, downloading sounds in, 272
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension), 49, 63-68
content types, 63-66
email, 695-697
headers, 476, 511
client request, configuring, 495-497
commands supported, listing, 513
fields in, 477-485
inspecting, 472
printing, example program, 483
tracing, 515
RFC about, 45
types
text/tab-separated-values, content handler for, 566-571
x-types, 66-68
(see also content handlers)
types, guessing, 506-509
MimeBodyPart class, 690
MimeMessage class, 666, 695
sending email and, 639
MimeMultipart class, 690
mobile agents (see agents)
MUD (Multi-User Dungeon), 11
Multicast Backbone on the Internet (MBONE), 457
multicasting, 451-453
addresses, 454-457
permanent, 455-457
clients and servers, 457
groups, 454-457
communicating with, 463-466
example sniffer program, 467
sending data to, example program, 470
routers and, 459-461
MulticastSocket class, 461
constructors, 462
methods, 463-466
MulticastSocket() (MulticastSocket), 462
Multipart class, 690
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (see MIME)
multitasking, downloading and, 277
multithreading, 117-164
(see also threads)
Multi-User Dungeon (MUD), 11
MutableAttributeSet class, 260, 262

N

Nagle's algorithm, 326
Name keyword, 339
Naming class, 618-621
NAXIS keyword, 582
Netscape Navigator, protocols supported by, 194
Netscape Open Directory, looking up topics in, 227
Network keyword, 339
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), RFC about, 44
networks, 1-19, 20-28
addresses (see IP addresses)
applets and, 267-300
hosts (see hosts)
interfaces, client sockets bound to, 312
layers of, 22-28
nodes (see nodes)
ports (see ports)
newAudioClip() (Applet), 276
newLine() (BufferedWriter), 109
NewsAddress class, 661-662
newsgroups, accessing with JavaMail API, 661
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol), RFC about, 44
nodes, 20, 165
notify() (Object), 154
notifyAll() (Object), 154
nslookup utility, 181

O

Object class, 216
objects
remote, 595
available to clients, 627
binding, 620, 627
compared to local, 597
releasing, 620
URLs bound to, 620
URLs of, 627
stubs, 599
applets and, 621
compiling, 607
RMISecurityManager permissions, 622-624
synchronization and, 139
threads waiting on, 153-156
(see also RMI)
OBSTIME keyword, 583
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), network layer model, 24
open() (Folder), 651
openConnection(), 474
URLConnection class, 211
URLStreamHandler class, 531, 540
openStream() (InputStream), 209
OPTIONS (HttpURLConnection), 512
Organization keyword, 339
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection), network layer model, 24
OutputStream class, 76-80
OutputStreamWriter subclass, 102, 104

P

packets, 21, 301
parallel computing, 9
parse()
InternetAddress class, 660
NewsAddress class, 662
Parser class, 249
Parser class, 248-250
ParserCallback class, 248, 250-253
ParserDelegator subclass, 248
parseURL() (URLStreamHandler), 534-536
parsing HTML, with Swing, 247-266
Part interface, 678-690
Partial keyword, 339
PasswordAuthentication class, 230, 654
passwords
authenticating, 228-235
email, 654-658
payloads, datagrams, 301
Person keyword, 339
PersonalJava, 18
play() (Applet), 272
plug-ins, 560
(see also content handlers)
PNG format, downloading images in, 270
polling threads, 127
ports, 30
assigned to protocols, table of, 31
client sockets connected to, 311
connections to, example programs for determining, 305, 307, 323
listening on, determining which, 361
looking for, example program, 353
for protocols, returning default, 538
UDP, example program for scanning, 424
POST (URL), 503
CGI and, 70
sending data with, 498
prepareImage() (ImageObserver), 277
PrintStream class, 89-91
PrintWriter class, 110
implementation for network programming, 111-116
programming examples
animator applet, 291-293
authentication
GUI for, 655
POP client, 657
authentication dialog, 231-235
callbacks, 129-136
characters in URLs, converting, 219
client sockets, getting information about, 312
clients
email, 664
POP3, 652
for remote object, 610, 613-615
content handlers, 567, 570, 580
database interface, 618
DatagramPacket, constructing, 419
daytime protocol, reading time from, 314
echo
client, 320, 445
server, 443
email
attachments, 691-694
attributes, 681-683
client, 705-708
flags, reading, 674-677
headers, reading, 670, 685-687
sending, 640, 641-643, 645-647
Fibonacci numbers
displaying in HTML, 242
interface, 601, 603, 605
files
downloading, 478
gzipping, 160-163
finger, command-line client, 332
forms, posting, 500
getParser(), making public, 250
hostnames
converting from IP addresses, 181-183
finding from IP addresses, 175
HTML
converting to text, 251, 254, 256-259
including in a JLabel, 237
stripping tags, 251, 254, 256-259
HTTP
client, 395
response codes, 522
HyperLinkListener interface, implementation of, 244
ifModifiedSince, setting, 493
images, 278
content handler, 584-588, 591-593
displaying via URLs, 270
downloading, 281
IP addresses, 179
converting to hostnames, 181-183
finding, 172, 176
finding from hostnames, 175
printing, 178
LookupThread class, 190
MIME headers, printing, 483
Multicast Sniffer, 467
MulticastSender, 470
Netscape Open Directory, looking up topics in, 227
ports
connections to, determining, 305, 307, 323
looking for, 353
PrinterWriter class, implementation for network programming, 111-116
protocol handlers
for chargen, 551-554
for daytime, 548, 550
for finger, 543
protocols supported, determining, 195, 198
QueryString class, 222
race conditions, avoiding, 152
RMI, debugging program, 619
secure orders, 404-406
servers
daytime, 357
HTTP, 370-373, 374-378, 380-387
testing clients, 365-368
time, 359
sounds
downloading via URLs, 275
playing, 272
stream handlers
for finger, 545
for mailto, 541
tags, adding to images, 287-290
Thread, subclassing, 120
threads
preemptive scheduling, 158
returning information from, 124-126
time protocol
client, 316-318
content handler for, 573-577
UDP
client, 436-438
daytime server, 444
discard client, 427
discard server, 429, 441-443
scanning for ports, 424
server, 440
time client, 438-440
URL objects
comparing, 217
downloading, 213
URLConnection, interacting with users, 489
URLs
printing, 487
reading from command line, 481
redirecting requests to/from, 298
time when changed, 511
URLs, relative
converting to absolute, 262-265
converting to web pages, 200
URLStreamHandlerFactory, 557
web browser, writing with Swing, 245
web pages
displaying with JEditorPane, 239
downloading, 210, 475
web server log files, 139
processing, 186, 188
web sites, password-protected, accessing, 228-235
whois
client GUI, 343-348
command-line client, 337-338
reusable class, 340-342
protocol handlers, 472, 529-534
adding support for protocols, 194
content handlers and, 563
methods for, 217
writing, 542-546
chargen protocol, 550-555
daytime protocol, 547-550
protocols, 22
adding support for, 531
content handlers and, 563
email, 634, 636
Java providers for, 637
receiving, 648
handling (see protocol handlers)
investigating with telnet, 302-304
port assignments for, 31
supported by JVMs, 194
example program for determining, 195, 198
proxy servers, 34-36
public key encryption, 389
PushbackInputStream subclass, 92
PushbackReader class, 110
PUT (HttpURLConnection), 514

Q

QueryString class, example program, 222

R

race conditions, 126
avoiding, example program, 152
read()
DataInputStream class, 95
InputStream class, 80
JEditorPane class, 246
PushbackInputStream class, 92
Reader class, 105
Socket class, 327
Reader class, 101, 104
readers/writers, 101-106
buffering, 106-109
readFully() (DataInputStream), 95
reading HTML in Swing, 246
readLine()
DataInputStream class, 95
LineNumberReader class, 109
ready() (Reader), 105
rebind()
Naming class, 621
Registry interface, 626
receive()
DatagramSocket class, 428
MulticastSocket class, 461
Registry interface, 626
Remote interface, 601, 617
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC), 596
RemoteObject class, 628
RemoteServer class, 629
logging, 630
removeAttributes() (MutableAttributeSet), 262
removeBodyPart() (Multipart), 695
removeHandshakeCompletedListener() (HandshakeCompletedListener), 401
removeHeader() (Part), 684
removeImage() (MediaTracker), 297
renameTo() (Folder), 700
reply() (Message), 667
request() (HttpURLConnection), 510-515
reset()
InputStream class, 84
Reader class, 105
RFCs (Requests for Comments), IETF, 39-46
RMF format, downloading sounds in, 272
RMI (Remote Method Invocation), 594, 597-600, 620-633
classes, loading at runtime, 609-617
debugging programs, example, 619
implementing
client side, 605-607, 609
server side, 601-605, 608
object serialization, 596
security and, 595
stubs, compiling, 607
RMISecurityManager class, 621
methods, 621-624
permissions, table of, 622-624
routers, multicasting and, 453, 459-461
RPC (Remote Procedure Calls), 596
run()
Runnable interface, 122
Thread class, 119
Runnable interface, 122-124

S

sameFile()
URL class, 215
URLStreamHandler class, 539
saveChanges() (Message), 673
scheduling threads
blocking, 148
joining threads, 151-153
preemption, 146, 157
priorities, 145
sleeping, 149-150
yielding, 148
search() (Folder), 705
searching the Web, 14
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), 98
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), JSSE and, 389
security
applets and, 72
InetAddress objects, creating, 172-174
man-in-the-middle attacks, 390
RMI and, 595
sockets and, 388-410
URLConnection class and, 505
URLStreamHandler classes and, 202
(see also encryption; RMISecurityManager class)
send()
DatagramSocket class, 426
MulticastSocket class, 464
Transport class, 639
servers, 2, 13
clients
downloading objects from, 609
testing, 365-369
daytime, example program, 357
disconnecting from, 515
handling responses from, 516-525
multicasting and, 457
proxy
HttpURLConnection subclass, 525
(see also proxy servers)
reading data from, 475
RemoteServer class, 629-631
RMI, implementing, 601-605, 608
sockets for, 350-364
time, example program, 359
writing data to, 497-503
ServerSocket class, 302, 351
constructors, 352-355
methods, 361
ServerSocket() (ServerSocket), 352-355
servlets
communicating with, 223-228
games and, 14
limitations of, 68
set() (URL), 217
setAddress()
DatagramPacket class, 421
InternetAddress class, 660
setAllowUserInteraction() (URLConnection), 486, 488
setContent() (Part), 690
setContentHandlerFactory()
ContentHandlerFactory interface, 563
URLConnection class, 579
setContentLanguage() (MimeMessage), 696
setData() (DatagramPacket), 421
setDefaultAllowUserInteraction() (URLConnection), 487
setDefaultUseCaches() (URLConnection), 487
setDoOutput() (URLConnection), 486
setEnabledCipherSuites() (SSLSocket), 397
setEnableSessionCreation() (SSLSocket), 402
setFileNameMap() (URLConnection), 487
setFlags()
Folder class, 708
Message class, 674
setFrom() (Message), 639, 668
setHeader() (Part), 684
setHost() (NewsAddress), 662
setIfModifiedSince() (URLConnection), 486
setImageObserver() (ImageObserver), 277
setInterface() (MulticastSocket), 465
setLength() (DatagramPacket), 422
setMessageNumber() (Message), 678
setNewsgroup() (NewsAddress), 662
setPersonal() (InternetAddress), 660
setPort() (DatagramPacket), 422
setReceiveBufferSize()
DatagramSocket class, 434
Socket class, 328
setRecipient() (Message), 639
setRecipients() (Message), 669
setReplyTo() (Message), 668
setResolveParent() (MutableAttributeSet), 262
setSendBufferSize()
DatagramSocket class, 434
Socket class, 328
setSentDate() (Message), 670
setSocketFactory() (ServerSocket), 364
setSoLinger() (Socket), 327
setSoTimeout()
DatagramSocket class, 432
ServerSocket class, 363
Socket class, 327
setSubject() (Message), 639, 670
setTcpNoDelay() (Socket), 326
setText()
MimeMessage class, 697
Part interface, 689
setTimeToLive() (MulticastSocket), 466
setURL() (URLStreamHandler), 537
setURLStreamHandlerFactory()
URL class, 217
URLStreamHandlerFactory interface, 533
setUseCaches() (URLConnection), 486
setUseClientMode() (SSLSocket), 402
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 56
SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), 98
showDocument() (AppletContext), 298
shutdownInput() (Socket), 324
shutdownOutput() (Socket), 324
SIMPLE keyword, 582
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), RFC about, 43
skip() (InputStream), 83
sleep() (Thread), 149
SO TIMEOUT socket option, 327
server, 362
Socket class, 302
constructors, 304-329
Socket() (Socket), 305-309
protected, 309
sockets
client, 302
closing, 322-325
creating secure, 393-397
exceptions, 329
getting information about, 311-322
options, setting, 325-329
datagram, 411-449
managing, 431
options, 432-434
datagrams and, 413-426
multicast, 451-461
working with, 461-466
security and, 388-410
server, 350
accepting connections, 355-360
closing connections, 360
creating secure, 403-408
options, 362-363
unicast, 450
SO_KEEPALIVE socket option, 329
SO_LINGER socket option, 327
SO_RCVBUF socket option, 328, 433
SO_SNDBUF socket option, 328, 434
SO_TIMEOUT socket option, 432
sounds
downloading, 272-276
example program, 275
playing, example program, 272
spiders, 14
spreadsheet programs, content handlers and, 566
SQLQuery() (Remote), 617
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), JSSE and, 389
SSLContext object, 404
SSLFactorySocket class, 393
SSLServerSocket class, 408
SSLServerSocketFactory class, 403
SSLSession interface, 401
SSLSocket class, 397-403
SSLSocket subclass, 393
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 56
start() (Thread), 119
startHandshake() (SSLSocket), 402
statusAll() (MediaTracker), 296
statusID() (MediaTracker), 296
streams, 75
buffering, 79, 87-89
compressing, 96
data, 93-96
digest, 98
encrypting, 99-101
filter, 84-87
input, 80-84
content handlers and, 563
sockets, reading data from, 314
output, 76-80
sockets, writing data to, 318-321
unicast, 451
SUBdisplay keyword, 339
Summary keyword, 339
sun.net package, 473
sun.net.www.content package, 564
Swing
authentication and, example programs, 231-235, 655
components
HTML on, 236-238
JPasswordField, 231
HTML in
attributes, listing, 260-266
case sensitivity, 237
hyperlinks, handling, 243-246
interfaces, constructing, 242
JLabel, 237
parsing, 247-266
reading, 246
rendering with JEditorPane, 238-247
web pages, displaying with JEditorPane, 239
synchronization, threads, 136-143
alternatives to, 142
deadlock, 144
synchronized blocks, 139-141
synchronized keyword, 139

T

Tag class, 253-259
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 411
multicasting and, 457
RFC about, 43
TCP/IP, 28-31
network layers, 23-28
TCP_NODELAY socket option, 326
TELESC keyword, 583
telnet
investigating protocols with, 302-304
RFC about, 43
This, 150
this keyword, 141
Thread class, 119
subclassing, 120-122
thread pools, 159-164
threads, 117-164
joining, 151-153
polling, 127
returning information from, 124-135
example program, 124-126
running, 119-124
scheduling
blocking, 148
preemption, 146, 157, 158
priorities, 145
sleeping, 149-150
yielding, 148
synchronization, 136-143
synchronized blocks, 139-141
waiting on objects, 153-156
time protocol, content handler for, example program, 573-577
time server, example program, 359
Time-To-Live (see TTL)
TLS (Transport Layer Security), 389
toExternalForm()
URL class, 216
URLStreamHandler class, 536
toString()
Address class, 658
Folder class, 710
InetAddress class, 180
InternetAddress class, 660
NewsAddress class, 662
Object class, 216
RemoteObject class, 628
ServerSocket class, 364
Socket class, 325
Tag class, 253
URLConnection class, 505
URLName class, 664
toStub() (RemoteObject), 629
toURL() (URL), 202
TRACE (HttpURLConnection), 515
Transmission Control Protocol (see TCP)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (see TCP/IP)
transport layer, 28
Transport Layer Security (TLS), 389
TTL (Time-To-Live), 454, 458
values for datagrams from U.S., 458

U

UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 28-31, 411-413
clients, 435-440
discard client, example program, 427
discard server, example program, 429
implementing echo client with, 445-449
multicasting and, 457
RFC about, 42
servers, 440-444
unbind()
Naming class, 620
Registry interface, 626
UnicastRemoteObject class, 602, 629, 631
uniform resource identifiers (see URIs)
uniform resource locators (see URLs)
uniform resource names (URNs), 52
RFC about, 45
unread()
PushbackInputStream class, 92
PushbackReader class, 110
URIs (uniform resource identifiers), 50-52
RFC about, 45
URL class, 193-218
protocol handlers and, 530
url field, URLConnection class, 487
URL objects
comparing, example program, 217
downloading, example program, 213
files, pointing to, testing, 215
returning, methods for, 202
URLConnection class, 472
client request MIME headers, configuring, 495-497
connections
configuring, 485-495
opening, 473-475
constructor, 474
content handlers and, 503-505, 562, 579
limitations of, 473
methods, 474, 477-485, 505
MIME types
guessing, 506-509
protected instance fields, 485-495
protocol handlers and, 530
security and, 505
servers
reading data from, 475
writing data to, 497-503
URLDecoder class, 223
URLEncoder class, 219-223
URLName class, 662-665
URLs (uniform resource locators), 53
absolute, constructing from relative, 199
as array of strings, returning, 618
characters in, converting, 219-223
comparing, 539
components of, 203
combining into strings, 536
example program, 207
returning, 204-209
connecting to, 540
creating, 194-203
deleting files on, 513
displaying, applet for, 268
downloading sounds via, 275
email and, 662-665
jar, 526
objects bound to, 620
options supported, determining, 512
parsing, methods for, 534-540
performing operations on, methods for, 215
pointing to files, 539
printing, example program, 487
protocol handlers and, 530
reading from command line, example program, 481
redirecting requests to/from, example program, 298
relative, 55
converting to absolute, 262-265
example program, 200
remote objects
binding, 620
releasing, 620
retrieving data
from, 209-214
with, 193-235
RFC about, 45
time when changed, example program, 511
URLStreamHandler class, 202
constructor, 534
methods, 534-542
protocol handlers and, 530
URLStreamHandlerFactory interface, 556
method, 556
protocol handlers and, 530
URNs (uniform resource names), 52
RFC about, 45
useCaches field (URLConnection), 494
Usenet, accessing with JavaMail API, 661
User Datagram Protocol (see UDP)
usernames, authenticating, 228-235
usingProxy() (HttpURLConnection), 525

V

versions of Java, xvii

W

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), 39
recommendations, 46
wait() (Object), 153
waitForAll() (MediaTracker), 291, 294
waitForID() (MediaTracker), 286, 290
WAV format, downloading sounds in, 272
web browsers in Swing, example program, 245
web pages
displaying, with JEditorPane, 239
downloading, example programs, 210
URLs relative to, example program, 200
Web, searching, 14
web servers
loading classes from, 609
log files on, example program for processing, 184-192
putting files on, 514
(see also clients; servers)
web sites, password-protected, accessing, 228-235
WebCollab, 13
whiteboards, 11
whois, 333-337, 339
client GUI, example program, 343-348
command-line client, example program, 337-338
whois class, example program, 340-342
World Wide Web Consortium (see W3C)
write()
OutputStream class, 76
PrintWriter class, 111
Writer class, 102, 103
writeBytes() (DataOutputStream), 94
writeChars() (DataOutputStream), 94
Writer class, 101, 102
synchronization and, 141
writeTo() (Multipart), 694
writeUTF() ( (DataOutputStream), 94